St Andrews is the patron saint of Scotland (his kneecap was brought here from the Holy Land). The cathedral was built in the 12th c. but later it was purposefully taken down to be used as a quarry to build St Andrews Castle... for the bishop George Wishart, the first Protestant Reformer in Scotland, was burnt here for his beliefs on orders of Cardinal Beaton (1546). 3 months later the Cardinal was murdered by Protestants who were later arrested and taken to the French galleys for 2 years. The city boasts of the oldest university in Scotland.
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